RA is synthesized in two oxidative steps, with the second step being carried out by three retinaldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDH1A1, ALDH1A2, ALDH1A3). Retinoic acid (RA), the active derivative of vitamin A, plays essential roles in cell growth, differentiation, and organogenesis ( Duester, 2008 Cunningham and Duester, 2015).
RNA sequencing analysis reveals Tgm2 and Ace1, two genes with well-established links to cardiac repair, as potential targets of RA signaling in primary cardiomyocytes, thereby providing novel links between the RA pathway and heart disease. Ablation of RA signaling through deletion of the Aldh1a1/a2/a3 genes encoding RA-synthesizing enzymes leads to increased cardiomyocyte apoptosis in adults subjected to MI. Strikingly, we have observed a direct RA response in cardiomyocytes during mid-late gestation and after MI. Here we have developed an inducible murine transgenic RA-reporter line using CreER T2 technology that permits lineage tracing of RA-responsive cells and faithfully recapitulates endogenous RA activity in multiple organs during embryonic development. In both cases, the effect of RA signaling on cardiomyocytes, the principle cell type of the heart, has been reported to be indirect. Highlights include the raw Punk of “Pogo Pogo” (The original version was recorded in English by Elton Motello) The reggae influenced “Dance Dance” doing his best Malcolm McLaren impression.Retinoic acid (RA) is an essential signaling molecule for cardiac development and plays a protective role in the heart after myocardial infarction (MI). The whole album is really Post Punk with veering’s to New Wave. Released in America on the Sire label in 1977 (thanks Mike!) this had already done the rounds in Europe where “Ca Plane Pour Moi” had become an international hit.
Going back to even before the 80’s and this debut from Belgium’s Godfather of Punk, Plastic Bertrand.
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